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The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. At each stage, the fluid is directed to the center before making its way to the discharge on the outer diameter. For higher pressures at the outlet, impellers can be connected in series. For higher flow output, impellers can be connected in parallel.

A common application of the multistage centrifugal pump is the boiler feedwater pump. For example, a MW unit would require two feedpumps in parallel. All energy transferred to the fluid is derived from the mechanical energy driving the impeller.

This can be measured at isentropic compression, resulting in a slight temperature increase in addition to the pressure increase. The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height lifted and the length and friction characteristics of the pipeline.

The energy usage is determined by multiplying the power requirement by the length of time the pump is operating. These are some difficulties faced in centrifugal pumps: [6]. An oilfield solids control system needs many centrifugal pumps to sit on or in mud tanks. The types of centrifugal pumps used are sand pumps, submersible slurry pumps, shear pumps, and charging pumps.

They are defined for their different functions, but their working principle is the same. Magnetically coupled pumps, or magnetic drive pumps, vary from the traditional pumping style, as the motor is coupled to the pump by magnetic means rather than by a direct mechanical shaft. The pump works via a drive magnet, 'driving' the pump rotor, which is magnetically coupled to the primary shaft driven by the motor. They have no direct connection between the motor shaft and the impeller, so no gland is needed.

There is no risk of leakage, unless the casing is broken. Since the pump shaft is not supported by bearings outside the pump's housing , support inside the pump is provided by bushings. The pump size of a magnetic drive pumps can go from few Watts power to a giant 1MW. Most centrifugal pumps are not self-priming. In other words, the pump casing must be filled with liquid before the pump is started, or the pump will not be able to function. If the pump casing becomes filled with vapors or gases, the pump impeller becomes gas-bound and incapable of pumping.

To ensure that a centrifugal pump remains primed and does not become gas-bound, most centrifugal pumps are located below the level of the source from which the pump is to take its suction.

The same effect can be gained by supplying liquid to the pump suction under pressure supplied by another pump placed in the suction line. In normal conditions, common centrifugal pumps are unable to evacuate the air from an inlet line leading to a fluid level whose geodetic altitude is below that of the pump.

Self-priming pumps have to be capable of evacuating air see Venting from the pump suction line without any external auxiliary devices. Centrifugal pumps with an internal suction stage such as water jet pumps or side channel pumps are also classified as self-priming pumps.

Centrifugal pumps which are not designed with an internal or external self-priming stage can only start to pump the fluid after the pump has initially been primed with the fluid. Sturdier but slower, their impellers are designed to move water which is far denser than air, leaving them unable to operate when air is present. In self-priming centrifugal pumps with a separation chamber the fluid pumped and the entrained air bubbles are pumped into the separation chamber by the impeller action.

The air escapes through the pump discharge nozzle whilst the fluid drops back down and is once more entrained by the impeller. Casing in centrifugal pump serves to seal off the inside of the pump to the atmosphere to prevent leakage and retain pressure. In the case of centrifugal pumps , they surround the pump rotor which transmits energy to the fluid handled via the impeller mounted on the rotating shaft. Maintain alignment of the pump and its rotor under the action of pressure and reasonable piping loads.

It is a spiral type in which area of flow increase gradually. The increase in area of flow decreases the velocity of flow. Decrease in velocity increases pressure of water flowing through the casing.

The volute casing pump is the most common type of centrifugal pump. Its characteristic feature is the volute-shaped pump casing which is typical for single-stage centrifugal pumps. Vortex casing is a casing in which circular chamber is provided between the casing and the impeller.

Vortex casing is helpful to increase pump efficiency by reducing eddies formation to a considerable extent. Wallsocket animated. Generator static. Generator animated. Exhaust static. Exhaust animated. Alarm animated. Fire static. Fire animated. Fan blades still.

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